Impact of Green Energy Education on University Students’ Attitude, Behaviour Intention and Actual Engagement in Green Energy Practices
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The current research investigated the impact of Green Energy Education (GEE) on developing positive behaviors towards green energy among university students in in China, in recognition of the crucial role of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in attaining Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs. The study targeted to analyze initiatives taken by HEIs in offering Green Energy Education (UIGEE), Students’ Attitude Towards Green Energy Education (SAGE), Behavioral Intention towards such activities (SBIGE), and Students’ Actual Engagement in Green Energy Activities (SAEGE). The present study employed cluster sampling, involving 306 valid responses collected from university students in China using an online questionnaire. SEM-AMOS analysis was employed to study the interrelationships among the variables. Empirical results showed that green energy education offered in universities, and students’ attitude towards GEE significantly affects students’ actual engagement in green energy activities and also has a significant influence on SAEGE. Moreover, UIGEE indirectly impacts SAEGE through SBIGE. Overall, the research highlights the significance of offering green energy education in HEIs and fills a literature gap in HEIs' green energy education implementation.
Downloads
Article Details
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Abdillah, R. R., Al-Muhdhar, M. H. I., & Biruni, I. B. (2021, March). Fostering students' problem solving skills and environmental literacy through PBL with natural environmental exploration approach. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2330, No. 1). AIP Publishing.https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0043190
Abo-Khalil, A. G. (2024). Integrating sustainability into higher education challenges and opportunities for universities worldwide. Heliyon.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29946
Ahmed, S. K. (2024). How to choose a sampling technique and determine sample size for research: A simplified guide for researchers. Oral Oncology Reports, 12, 100662.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oor.2024.100662
Akhtar, R., Sultana, S., Masud, M. M., Jafrin, N., & Al-Mamun, A. (2021). Consumers' environmental ethics, willingness, and green consumerism between lower and higher income groups. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 168, 105274.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105274
Akhtar, S., Khan, K. U., Atlas, F., & Irfan, M. (2022). Stimulating student's pro-environmental behavior in higher education institutions: An ability-motivation-opportunity perspective. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 24(3), 4128-4149.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01609-4
Al-Dmour, H. (2023). Green-Smart University Campuses: The Mediating Role of Student Engagement in Enhancing Corporate Image. SAGE Open, 13(4), 21582440231219591.https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231219591
Al‐Ghazali, B. M., & Afsar, B. (2021). Retracted: Green human resource management and employees' green creativity: The roles of green behavioral intention and individual green values. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 28(1), 536-536.https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1987
Ali, E. B., Anufriev, V. P., & Amfo, B. (2021). Green economy implementation in Ghana as a road map for a sustainable development drive: A review. Scientific African, 12, e00756.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e00756
Ali, M., Irfan, M., Ozturk, I., & Rauf, A. (2023). Modeling public acceptance of renewable energy deployment: a pathway towards green revolution. Economic research-Ekonomska istraživanja, 36(3).https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2022.2159849
Almasri, R. A., Abu-Hamdeh, N. H., & Al-Tamimi, N. (2024). A state-of-the-art review of energy-efficient and renewable energy systems in higher education facilities. Frontiers in Energy Research, 11, 1344216.https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2023.1344216
Almulhim, A. I. (2022). Understanding public awareness and attitudes toward renewable energy resources in Saudi Arabia. Renewable Energy, 192, 572-582.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.04.122
AlSAGEti, T., El-Nakla, S., & El-Nakla, D. (2020). Level of sustainability awareness among university students in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. Sustainability, 12(8), 3159.https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083159
Altassan, A. (2023). Sustainable integration of solar energy, behavior change, and recycling practices in educational institutions: a holistic framework for environmental conservation and quality education. Sustainability, 15(20), 15157.https://doi.org/10.3390/su152015157
Amoah, A., & Addoah, T. (2021). Does environmental knowledge drive pro-environmental behaviour in develo** countries? Evidence from households in Ghana. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23(2), 2719-2738.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-00698-x
Angelaki, M. E., Bersimis, F., Karvounidis, T., & Douligeris, C. (2023). Exploring the Awareness Outcomes of Educating ICT Students on the Environmental Implications of e-Waste Recycling and Energy Consumption in Data Centers. IEEE Transactions on Education.https://doi.org/10.1109/TE.2023.3330913
Arefin, M. A., Nabi, M. N., Sadeque, S., & Gudimetla, P. (2021). Incorporating sustainability in engineering curriculum: a study of the Australian universities. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 22(3), 576-598.https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-07-2020-0271
Ariza, M. R., Boeve-de Pauw, J., Olsson, D., Van Petegem, P., Parra, G., & Gericke, N. (2021). Promoting environmental citizenship in education: The potential of the sustainability consciousness questionnaire to measure impact of interventions. Sustainability, 13(20), 11420.https://doi.org/10.3390/su132011420
Azizah, U., & Yonata, B. (2023). The Integration of Green Chemistry Principles in Basic Chemistry Learning to Support Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through Education. Journal of Technology and Science Education, 13(1), 233-254.https://doi.org/10.3926/jotse.1892
Bega, F., & Lin, B. (2025). China's Belt & Road Initiative wind energy cooperation: Wind of change for the Chinese energy finance?. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 208, 115069.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2024.115069
Bertossi, A., & Marangon, F. (2022). A literature review on the strategies implemented by higher education institutions from 2010 to 2020 to foster pro-environmental behavior of students. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 23(3), 522-547.https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-11-2020-0459
Brosch, T. (2021). Affect and emotions as drivers of climate change perception and action: a review. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 42, 15-21.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2021.02.001
Caradaica, M. (2024). Civil Society as the Arena of the New European Climate Hegemony. Civil Szemle, 21(2), 5-18. https://doi.org/10.62560/csz.2024.02.01
Çelik, F. B. (2025). Unpacking democratic participation in the European Green Deal: the case of Climate Pact. Journal of European Integration, 47(2), 173-192.https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2025.2455688
Chan, R. C. (2022). A social cognitive perspective on gender disparities in self-efficacy, interest, and aspirations in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM): The influence of cultural and gender norms. International Journal of STEM Education, 9(1), 1-13.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-022-00352-0
Chans, G. M., & Portuguez Castro, M. (2021). Gamification as a strategy to increase motivation and engagement in higher education chemistry students. Computers, 10(10), 132.https://doi.org/10.3390/computers10100132
Collado, S., Moreno, J. D., & Martín-Albo, J. (2022). Innovation for environmental sustainability: longitudinal effects of an education for sustainable development intervention on university students' pro-environmentalism. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 23(6), 1277-1293.https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-07-2021-0315
Conner, M., & Norman, P. (2022). Understanding the intention-behavior gap: The role of intention strength. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 923464.https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.923464
Correia, E., Sousa, S., Viseu, C., & Leite, J. (2022). Using the theory of planned behavior to understand the students' pro-environmental behavior: a case-study in a Portuguese HEI. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 23(5), 1070-1089.https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-05-2021-0201
Cruz-Torres, W., Alvarez-Risco, A., & Del-Aguila-Arcentales, S. (2021). Impact of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) implementation on performance of an education enterprise: a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Studies in Business and Economics, 16(2), 37-52.https://doi.org/10.2478/sbe-2021-0023
Dao, N. B., Dogan, B., Ghosh, S., Kazemzadeh, E., & Radulescu, M. (2025). Toward sustainable ecology: how do environmental technologies, green financial policies, energy uncertainties, and natural resources rents matter?. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 27(3), 1387-1405.
Debrah, J. K., Vidal, D. G., & Dinis, M. A. P. (2021). Raising awareness on solid waste management through formal education for sustainability: A developing countries evidence review. Recycling, 6(1), 6.https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling6010006
Del Rey, R., Ojeda, M., Mora-Merchán, J. A., Nieves Sánchez-Díaz, M., Morgado, B., & Lasaga, M. J. (2022). Environmental education: Effects on knowledge, attitudes and perceptions, and gender differences. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 31(4), 282-303.https://doi.org/10.1080/10382046.2021.1977004
Deshuai, M., Hui, L., & Ullah, S. (2022). Pro-environmental behavior-renewable energy transitions nexus: exploring the role of higher education and information and communications technology diffusion. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1010627.https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1010627
Di Fulvio, F., Snäll, T., Lauri, P., Forsell, N., Mönkkönen, M., Burgas, D., ... & Primmer, E. (2025). Impact of the EU biodiversity strategy for 2030 on the EU wood-based bioeconomy. Global Environmental Change, 92, 102986.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.102986
Du, M., Chai, C. S., Di, W., & Wang, X. (2023). What affects adolescents' willingness to maintain climate change action participation: An extended theory of planned behavior to explore the evidence from China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 422, 138589.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138589
Edsand, H. E., & Broich, T. (2020). The impact of environmental education on environmental and renewable energy technology awareness: Empirical evidence from Colombia. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 18(4), 611-634.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-019-09988-x
Ercantan, O., & Eyupoglu, S. (2022). How do green human resource management practices encourage employees to engage in green behavior? Perceptions of university students as prospective employees. Sustainability, 14(3), 1718.https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031718
Esfahani, M. N. (2023). Breaking language barriers: How multilingualism can address gender disparities in US STEM fields. International Journal of All Research Education and Scientific Methods, 11(08), 2090-2100.https://doi.org/10.56025/IJARESM.2024.1108232090
Eshiemogie, S. O., Ighalo, J. O., & Banji, T. I. (2022). Knowledge, perception and awareness of renewable energy by engineering students in Nigeria: A need for the undergraduate engineering program adjustment. Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 6, 100388.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2021.100388
Feather, N. T. (2021). Human values and the prediction of action: An expectancy-valence analysis. In Expectations and actions (pp. 263-289). Routledge.https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003150879-14
Fernandez, D. C., & Ganesan, J. (2023). Job pursuit intentions of undergraduates towards green job positions and descriptions, green performance management, green employee relations with employers' prestige as the mediator. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 15(4), 1167-1184.https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-01-2022-0012
Filho, W. L., Sierra, J., Price, E., Eustachio, J. H. P. P., Novikau, A., Kirrane, M., ... & Salvia, A. L. (2024). The role of universities in accelerating the sustainable development goals in Europe. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 15464.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-65820-9
Fissi, S., Romolini, A., Gori, E., & Contri, M. (2021). The path toward a sustainable green university: The case of the University of Florence. Journal of Cleaner Production, 279, 123655.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123655
Fraboni, Y., Vidal, R., Kameni, L., & Lorenzi, M. (2021, July). Clustered sampling: Low-variance and improved representativity for clients selection in federated learning. In International Conference on Machine Learning (pp. 3407-3416). PML.https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2105.05883
Frizon, J. A., Eugénio, T., & Frizon, N. N. (2024). Green campus and student proactivity initiatives: the importance of a participatory approach. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 25(6), 1279-1296.https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-11-2022-0362
Frumkin, H., Haines, A., & Rao, M. (2025). The US withdrawal from the Paris Climate Agreement: could it trump progress on climate change and health?. bmj, 388.https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.r185
Gajović, A. (2024). Digitalization of the European Green Deal (EGD) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)-a factor in empowering sustainable local projects: A review of literature and potential achievements. Collection of papers new economy, 2(1), 129-145.https://doi.org/10.61432/CPNE0201129g
García-Vaquero, M., Daumann, F., & Sánchez-Bayón, A. (2024). European Green Deal, Energy Transition and Greenflation Paradox under Austrian Economics Analysis. Energies, 17(15), 3783.https://doi.org/10.3390/en17153783
Gomez Echeverri, L., Bustamante, M., Jun, M., Rafa, N., Rovenskaya, E., Fujino, J., ... & Oni, T. (2024). Seeking Synergy Solutions: Integrating Climate and SDG Knowledge and Data for Action.
González-Salamanca, J. C., Agudelo, O. L., & Salinas, J. (2020). Key competences, education for sustainable development and strategies for the development of 21st century skills. A systematic literature review. Sustainability, 12(24), 10366.https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410366
Handoyo, B., Astina, I. K., & Mkumbachi, R. L. (2021, March). Students' environmental awareness and pro-environmental behaviour: preliminary study of geography students at state university of malang. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 683, No. 1, p. 012049). IOP Publishing.https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/683/1/012049
Hart, P., & White, P. J. (2022). Postqualitative inquiry: Theory and practice in environmental education. Australian Journal of Environmental Education, 38(3-4), 201-210.https://doi.org/10.1017/aee.2022.44
He, Z., Zhou, Y., Wang, J., Li, C., Wang, M., & Li, W. (2021). The impact of motivation, intention, and contextual factors on green purchasing behavior: New energy vehicles as an example. Business Strategy and the Environment, 30(2), 1249-1269.https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2682
Healey, N. M. (2023). Reinventing international higher education for a socially just, sustainable world. Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education, 27(4), 169-178. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603108.2023.2217780
Holst, J. (2023). Towards coherence on sustainability in education: a systematic review of Whole Institution Approaches. Sustainability Science, 18(2), 1015-1030.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-022-01226-8
Hoque, F., Yasin, R. M., & Sopian, K. (2022). Revisiting education for sustainable development: Methods to inspire secondary school students toward renewable energy. Sustainability, 14(14), 8296.https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148296
Huang, Y., Feng, Y., Gao, D., Wei, J., & Wu, K. (2025). The Power of Knowledge: How Can Educational Competitiveness Improve Urban Energy Efficiency?. Sustainability, 17(14), 6609.https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146609
Humida, T., Al Mamun, M. H., & Keikhosrokiani, P. (2022). Predicting behavioral intention to use e-learning system: A case-study in Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, Bangladesh. Education and information technologies, 27(2), 2241-2265.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10707-9
Ilardo, M., & Salinaro, M. (2024). The GreenComp (the European Sustainability Competence Framework): A tool to reflect on social and environmental issues from an interdisciplinary perspective. In Una Europa Summer School 2024: Sustainability in communication and education (pp. 11-12).
Jamaludin, A. A., Zulkifli, N. E. I., Bharin, S., Jani, R., Mokhtar, M. I., Abdul Halim-Lim, S., ... & Ilham, Z. (2023). Awareness on energy conservation: a case study of first-year undergraduate students in Malaysia. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 24(3), 678-699.https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-03-2022-0084
Janmaimool, P., & Chontanawat, J. (2021). Do university students base decisions to engage in sustainable energy behaviors on affective or cognitive attitudes?. Sustainability, 13(19), 10883.https://doi.org/10.3390/su131910883
Jayabal, R. (2024). Towards a carbon-free society: innovations in green energy for a sustainable future, Results Eng. 24 (2024) 103121.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103121
Júnior, S. M., Frandoloso, M. A. L., & Brião, V. B. (2022). The role of HEIs to achieve SDG7 goals from Netzero campuses: case studies and possibilities in Brazil. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 24(2), 462-480.https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-07-2021-0282
Kaczmarczyk, B., & Urych, I. (2022). Perception of the transition to a zero-emission economy in the opinion of polish students. Energies, 15(3), 1102.https://doi.org/10.3390/en15031102
Kamalanon, P., Chen, J. S., & Le, T. T. Y. (2022). "Why do we buy green products?" An extended theory of the planned behavior model for green product purchase behavior. Sustainability, 14(2), 689.https://doi.org/10.3390/su14020689
Kautish, P., & Sharma, R. (2021). Study on relationships among terminal and instrumental values, environmental consciousness and behavioral intentions for green products. Journal of Indian Business Research, 13(1), 1-29.https://doi.org/10.1108/JIBR-01-2018-0013
Khuc, Q. V., Tran, M., Nguyen, T., Thinh, N. A., Dang, T., Tuyen, D. T., ... & Dat, L. Q. (2023). Improving energy literacy to facilitate energy transition and nurture environmental culture in Vietnam. Urban Science, 7(1), 13.https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci7010013
Knezz, S. N., Pietri, E. S., & Gillian-Daniel, D. L. (2022). Addressing gender bias in STEM graduate and post-graduate students using equity in STEM for all genders course. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 31(5), 638-648.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-022-09983-y
Kulovesi, K., Oberthür, S., Van Asselt, H., & Savaresi, A. (2024). The European climate law: strengthening EU procedural climate governance?. Journal of Environmental Law, 36(1), 23-42.https://doi.org/10.1093/jel/eqad034
Kumar, A., Prakash, G., & Kumar, G. (2021). Does environmentally responsible purchase intention matter for consumers? A predictive sustainable model developed through an empirical study. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 58, 102270.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102270
Lamanauskas, V. (2023). The importance of environmental education at an early age. Journal of Baltic Science Education, 22(4), 564-567.https://doi.org/10.33225/jbse/23.22.564
Leal Filho, W., Sima, M., Sharifi, A., Luetz, J. M., Salvia, A. L., Mifsud, M., ... & Lokupitiya, E. (2021). Handling climate change education at universities: an overview. Environmental Sciences Europe, 33, 1-19.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-021-00552-5
Lee, Y. F., Nguyen, H. B. N., & Sung, H. T. (2022). Energy literacy of high school students in Vietnam and determinants of their energy-saving behavior. Environmental Education Research, 28(6), 907-924.https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2022.2034752
Leskinen, P., Belinskij, A., & Saarela, S. R. (2024). Integrating climate change into legislative drafting: An analysis of regulatory impact assessment obligations and practices in the EU and Finland. Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, 33(1), 45-56. https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12533
Li, Y., Wang, B., & Saechang, O. (2022). Is female a more pro-environmental gender? Evidence from China. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(13), 8002.https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19138002
Li, Z., Doğan, B., Ghosh, S., Chen, W. M., & Lorente, D. B. (2024). Economic complexity, natural resources and economic progress in the era of sustainable development: Findings in the context of resource deployment challenges. Resources Policy, 88, 104504.
Liu, H., Alharthi, M., Atil, A., Zafar, M. W., & Khan, I. (2022). A non-linear analysis of the impacts of natural resources and education on environmental quality: Green energy and its role in the future. Resources Policy, 79, 102940.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.102940
Liu, P., Teng, M., & Han, C. (2020). How does environmental knowledge translate into pro-environmental behaviors?: The mediating role of environmental attitudes and behavioral intentions. Science of the total environment, 728, 138126.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138126
Liu, Y., & Huang, Y. (2024). Assessing the interrelationship between fossil fuels resources and the biomass energy market for achieving a sustainable and green economy. Resources Policy, 88, 104397.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.104397
Longobardi, C., Settanni, M., Lin, S., & Fabris, M. A. (2021). Student-teacher relationship quality and prosocial behaviour: The mediating role of academic achievement and a positive attitude towards school. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 91(2), 547-562.https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12378
Lucas, H., Carbajo, R., Machiba, T., Zhukov, E., & Cabeza, L. F. (2021). Improving public attitude towards renewable energy. Energies, 14(15), 4521.https://doi.org/10.3390/en14154521
Mandarić, D., Hunjet, A., & Vuković, D. (2022). The impact of fashion brand sustainability on consumer purchasing decisions. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 15(4), 176.https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15040176
Manolis, E. N., & Manoli, E. N. (2021). Raising awareness of the sustainable development goals through ecological projects in higher education. Journal of Cleaner Production, 279, 123614.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123614
Maurer, M., & Bogner, F. X. (2022). Green awareness in action of saving energy in school life: Modeling environmental literacy in theory and practice experience. In Handbook of Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation (pp. 3531-3556). Cham: Springer International Publishing.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72579-2_157
Maurer, M., Koulouris, P., & Bogner, F. X. (2020). Green awareness in action-how energy conservation action forces on environmental knowledge, values and behaviour in adolescents' school life. Sustainability, 12(3), 955.https://doi.org/10.3390/su12030955
MCPJ, K., & WR, V. J. (2024). Environmental Citizenship: Dutch students' sustainability competences and avenues for science education. The Journal of Environmental Education, 55(4), 267-288.https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2024.2306160
Meshkova, N., Golovchanskaya, E., Stepanova, J., & Kramarenko, S. (2024). The financial aspect of the innovative development of the agricultural sector of the economy. In BIO Web of Conferences (Vol. 139, p. 14008). EDP Sciences.https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202413914008
Mia, M. M., Zayed, N. M., Islam, K. M. A., Nitsenko, V., Matusevych, T., & Mordous, I. (2022). The strategy of factors influencing learning satisfaction explored by first and second-order structural equation modeling (SEM). Inventions, 7(3), 59.https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions7030059
Minelgaitė, A., & Liobikienė, G. (2021). Changes in pro-environmental behaviour and its determinants during long-term period in a transition country as Lithuania. Environment, development and sustainability, 1-17.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01329-9
Mkumbachi, R. L., Astina, I. K., & Handoyo, B. (2024). Environmental awareness and pro-environmental behavior: A case of university students in Malang city. Jurnal Pendidikan Geografi: Kajian, Teori, dan Praktek dalam Bidang Pendidikan dan Ilmu Geografi, 25(2), 6.https://doi.org/10.17977/um017v25i22020p161
Nada, H. N., Fajarningsih, R. U., & Astirin, O. P. (2021). Environmental Education to Build School Members' Character. Journal of Biological Education Indonesia (Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Indonesia), 7(1), 43-52.https://doi.org/10.22219/jpbi.v7i1.14283
Negi, S. K. (2024). Exploring the impact of virtual reality and augmented reality technologies in sustainability education on green energy and sustainability behavioral change: A qualitative analysis. Procedia Computer Science, 236, 550-557.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2024.05.065
Oluoch, S., Lal, P., Susaeta, A., & Vedwan, N. (2020). Assessment of public awareness, acceptance and attitudes towards renewable energy in Kenya. Scientific African, 9, e00512.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00512
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2022). Are students ready to take on environmental challenges?. OECD Publishing.https://doi.org/10.1787/8148c568-en
Owojori, O. M., Mulaudzi, R., & Edokpayi, J. N. (2022). Student's knowledge, attitude, and perception (KAP) to solid waste management: A survey towards a more circular economy from a rural-based tertiary institution in South Africa. Sustainability, 14(3), 1310.https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031310
Pambudi, N. A., Nanda, I. R., Alfina, F. T., & Syahrial, A. Z. (2024). Renewable energy education and awareness among Indonesian students: Exploring challenges and opportunities for a sustainable future. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 63, 103631.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2024.103631
Radwan, A. F., & Khalil, E. M. A. S. (2021). Knowledge, attitude and practice toward sustainability among university students in UAE. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 22(5), 964-981.https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-06-2020-0229
Rafiee, H., Abin, A. A., & Majd, S. S. (2024, November). Cluster Sampling: A Cluster-Driven Sampling Strategy for Deep Metric Learning. In 2024 14th International Conference on Computer and Knowledge Engineering (ICCKE) (pp. 460-465). IEEE.https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCKE65377.2024.10874603
Reynolds, E. B. (2024). US industrial transformation and the “how” of 21st century industrial strategy. Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, 24(1), 8.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10842-024-00420-x
Ribeiro, J. M. P., Hoeckesfeld, L., Dal Magro, C. B., Favretto, J., Barichello, R., Lenzi, F. C., ... & De Andrade, J. B. S. O. (2021). Green Campus Initiatives as sustainable development dissemination at higher education institutions: Students' perceptions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 312, 127671.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127671
Seilkhan, A., Kuatbayev, A., Satybaldiyeva, G., Akbota, B., Zhang, S., **aojiang, G., ... & Issabayeva, S. (2024). An Overview of Advancing Green Energy Solutions and Environmental Protection Toward Green Universities. ES Energy & Environment, 26, 1338.https://doi.org/10.30919/esee1338
Setiawan, E. P., & Sukoco, H. (2021). Exploring First Year University Students' Statistical Literacy: A Case on Describing and Visualizing Data. Journal on Mathematics Education, 12(3), 427-448.https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.12.3.13202.427-448
Shafiei, A., & Maleksaeidi, H. (2020). Pro-environmental behavior of university students: Application of protection motivation theory. Global Ecology and Conservation, 22, e00908.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00908
Shang, M., Ma, Z., Su, Y., Shaheen, F., Khan, R., Mohd Tahir, L., ... & Zaman, K. (2023). Understanding the importance of sustainable ecological innovation in reducing carbon emissions: investigating the green energy demand, financial development, natural resource management, industrialisation and urbanisation channels. Economic research-Ekonomska istraživanja, 36(2).https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2022.2137823
Sharma, D., & Sahoo, C. K. (2024). Social support and self-employment intentions of professional and technical students in India: The moderating role of organizational support. Journal of Education for Business, 99(3), 155-163.https://doi.org/10.1080/08832323.2023.2293719
Skačkauskienė, I., & Smirnova, J. (2022). Review of Possibilities for Evaluating the Performance of an Organization in the Aspect of Greenness. Energies, 15(19), 6947. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15196947
Somerwill, L., & Wehn, U. (2022). How to measure the impact of citizen science on environmental attitudes, behaviour and knowledge? A review of state-of-the-art approaches. Environmental Sciences Europe, 34(1), 18.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-022-00596-1
Suryawati, E., Suzanti, F., Zulfarina, Z., Putriana, A. R., & Febrianti, L. (2020). The implementation of local environmental problem-based learning student worksheets to strengthen environmental literacy. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 9(2), 169-178.https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v9i2.22892
Szeberényi, A., Rokicki, T., & Papp-Váry, Á. (2022). Examining the relationship between renewable energy and environmental awareness. Energies, 15(19), 7082.https://doi.org/10.3390/en15197082
Takkinen, P., & Pulkki, J. (2022). Discovering earth and the missing masses-technologically informed education for a post-sustainable future. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 55(10), 1148-1158.https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2022.2060816
Tandrayen-Ragoobur, V., & Gokulsing, D. (2022). Gender gap in STEM education and career choices: what matters?. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 14(3), 1021-1040.https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-09-2019-0235
Tanujaya, B., Prahmana, R. C. I., & Mumu, J. (2022). Likert scale in social sciences research: Problems and difficulties. FWU Journal of Social Sciences, 16(4), 89-101.https://doi.org/10.51709/19951272/Winter2022/7
Teladia, A., & van der Windt, H. (2024). Citizen participation gaps and challenges in the heating transition: Learning from Dutch community initiatives. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 189, 113975.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2023.113975
Tomassi, A., Caforio, A., Romano, E., Lamponi, E., & Pollini, A. (2024). The development of a competence framework for environmental education complying with the European qualifications framework and the European green deal. The Journal of Environmental Education, 55(2), 153-179.https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2023.2259846
Tomassi, A., Falegnami, A., Meleo, L., & Romano, E. (2024). 2.1 The Role of Competence Framework in the Green Transition. The European Green Deal in Education.https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003492597-4
Uzorka, A., Akiyode, O., & Isa, S. M. (2024). Strategies for engaging students in sustainability initiatives and fostering a sense of ownership and responsibility towards sustainable development. Discover Sustainability, 5(1), 320.https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-024-00505-x
Van De Wetering, J., Leijten, P., Spitzer, J., & Thomaes, S. (2022). Does environmental education benefit environmental outcomes in children and adolescents? A meta-analysis. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 81, 101782.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101782
van Tol, J. (2024). A social ecological model of education: Economic problems, citizenship solutions. The Journal of Environmental Education, 55(3), 249-266.https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2023.2284245
Verplanken, B., & Orbell, S. (2022). Attitudes, habits, and behavior change. Annual review of psychology, 73(1), 327-352.https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-011744
Veugelers, R., Tagliapietra, S., & Trasi, C. (2024). Green industrial policy in Europe: Past, present, and prospects. Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, 24(1), 4.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10842-024-00418-5
Viti, M. M., Gkimtsas, G., Liquete, C., Dubois, G., Borg, J., Dalla Costa, S., ... & Robuchon, M. (2024). Introducing the progress monitoring tools of the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030. Ecological Indicators, 164, 112147.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112147
Wang, H., Li, J., Mangmeechai, A., & Su, J. (2021). Linking perceived policy effectiveness and proenvironmental behavior: The influence of attitude, implementation intention, and knowledge. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), 2910.https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062910
Wider, W., Iwinska, K., Lin, J., Fauzi, M. A., Hossain, S. F. A., Jiang, L., & Udang, L. N. (2025). Academia as a driver of change: a bibliometric analysis of pro-environmental behavior in higher education institutions. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 26(4), 890-908.https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-08-2023-0353
Widowati, C., Purwanto, A., & Akbar, Z. (2021). Problem-based learning integration in STEM education to improve environmental literation. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 8(7), 374-381.https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v8i7.2836
Winter, J., Zhai, J., & Cotton, D. R. E. (2022). Teaching environmental sustainability in China: opportunities and challenges for business and economics faculty in higher education. Environmental Education Research, 28(2), 318-332.https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2021.2012560
Yang, B., Wu, N., Tong, Z., & Sun, Y. (2022). Narrative-based environmental education improves environmental awareness and environmental attitudes in Children aged 6-8. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(11), 6483.https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116483
Yang, G., Zha, D., Cao, D., & Zhang, G. (2024). Time for a change: Rethinking the global renewable energy transition from the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Climate Agreement. The Innovation, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2024.100582
Yasir, N., Mahmood, N., Mehmood, H. S., Babar, M., Irfan, M., & Liren, A. (2021). Impact of environmental, social values and the consideration of future consequences for the development of a sustainable entrepreneurial intention. Sustainability, 13(5), 2648.https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052648
Yuriev, A., Dahmen, M., Paillé, P., Boiral, O., & Guillaumie, L. (2020). Pro-environmental behaviors through the lens of the theory of planned behavior: A scoping review. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 155, 104660.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.104660
Yusliza, M. Y., Amirudin, A., Rahadi, R. A., Nik Sarah Athirah, N. A., Ramayah, T., Muhammad, Z., ... & Mokhlis, S. (2020). An investigation of pro-environmental behaviour and sustainable development in Malaysia. Sustainability, 12(17), 7083.https://doi.org/10.3390/su12177083
Zeng, Z., Zhong, W., & Naz, S. (2023). Can environmental knowledge and risk perception make a difference? The role of environmental concern and pro-environmental behavior in fostering sustainable consumption behavior. Sustainability, 15(6), 4791.https://doi.org/10.3390/su15064791
Zhao, Z., Gong, Y., Li, Y., Zhang, L., & Sun, Y. (2021). Gender-related beliefs, norms, and the link with green consumption. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 710239.https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.710239
Zhou, Y. (2023). Worldwide carbon neutrality transition? Energy efficiency, renewable, carbon trading and advanced energy policies. Energy Reviews, 2(2), 100026.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enrev.2023.100026
Zwolińska, K., Lorenc, S., & Pomykała, R. (2022). Sustainable development in education from students' perspective-Implementation of sustainable development in curricula. Sustainability, 14(6), 3398.https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063398
Zyphur, M. J., Bonner, C. V., & Tay, L. (2023). Structural equation modeling in organizational research: The state of our science and some proposals for its future. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 10(1), 495-517.https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-041621-031401